Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), are essential components for the structure and function of the central nervous system. DHA constitutes a significant portion of the phospholipids in neuronal membranes, contributing to their fluidity and directly influencing synaptic transmission and brain plasticity.
In neurodivergences, including AuDHD profiles, numerous studies have shown alterations in neuroinflammation processes, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter modulation. In this context, Omega-3 supplementation has been the subject of growing scientific interest for its potential neuroprotective role.
From an inflammatory perspective, EPA and DHA modulate the production of eicosanoids and resolvins, reducing microglial activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This aspect is particularly relevant since low-grade chronic inflammation is frequently described in neurodevelopmental disorders.
An additional mechanism concerns neurotransmitter modulation. Omega-3s influence the availability and function of dopamine and serotonin, which are central systems in the regulation of attention, mood, and impulsivity. A role has also been hypothesized in balancing glutamate, reducing neuronal excitotoxicity.
Clinically, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials suggest that Omega-3 supplementation may lead to modest but significant improvements in some behavioral domains, such as hyperactivity, inattention, irritability, and sleep quality. The effectiveness appears variable and strongly dependent on the individual profile, the formulation used, and the EPA:DHA ratio.
Current evidence supports the use of Omega-3s as a supportive intervention, to be included within an integrated and personalized approach that takes into account diet, microbiota, lifestyle, and comorbidities.
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